Fire Parsons The New School for Design School of Constructed Environments Interior Design (AAS) Environmental Design PAID 1028-X1 SP-17 Hikida EFTA00281422

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Learning Objectives * At the end of this presentation you should know: * The U.S. energy use by sector; * The sources of household energy in the U.S.; * Percentage of world energy consumed in the U:S.; * U.S. household energy use; * How to select Energy Star appliances; * How to develop a life-cycle cost analysis that includes annual energy use; * The energy consumption and life-cycle costs associated with incandescent, compact fluorescent, and LED lamps; ¢ What light power density (LPD) means; * The principles of daylight harvesting; * The difference between a vacancy and an occupancy sensor; * How to calculate daylight as a percentage in plan; * How to calculate daylight for seated occupants. EFTA00281423

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Fire Facts Fire is a chemical reaction that releases light and heat. Fires require fuel, oxygen and heat to burn. Different types of fuel include coal, oil and wood. Flames are the part of a fire which we can see, they can be different colors, depending on the substance which is burning. A candle flame typically burns at around 1000 degrees Celsius (1800 Fahrenheit). EFTA00281424

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Energy Facts Non-renewable energy sources comprise 82% Renewable and nuclear energy comprise less than 20% Renewable energy includes: conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass. United States Energy Information Administration Chart (2011) displaying energy sources and energy use by sector Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2011 (Quadnilion Btu) Total = 97.3 Source Sector Percent of Sources Does not inctude biofuels that have been blended wath petroleum—biotuets are included mn ® and combined-heat-anc-power (CHP) plants whose busmess sto 3 di dlectrory. or ‘and heat. to the public. Includes 0.1 quadhilion Btu of electrioity net supplemental gaseous ‘ueis. imports nct shown under i » includes less than 0.1 quachilion Btu of coal coke net imports. Notes: Pree tans breynimerkmcnetat ant meer clams hyena * Conversonal hydrosiectnc power, geothermal, solariphotovoltarc, wind. anc bomass. betore any © secondary or tertary forms of energy (for example cos! 5 used to * cludes idustial combined-neat-and-power (CHP) and mousttal electnicity-only pants Generaie electricity) = Sum of components may not equal total Gue to dependent rouncing * Includes commercal combined-Neat-anc-power (CHP) and commeroa eecnctyony a Ln ae Annual Energy Review 2071, Taties 13. planes ‘2.1 awe Ii US. Energy information Administration | Annual Energy Review 2011 a EFTA00281425

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Energy Facts In the United States, the Residential and Commercial sectors consume 41% of the total energy produced — includes energy used to produce electric power. Source: United States Energy Information Administration Chart (2011) for end-use energy consumption by sector. End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, 2011 Residential Transportation Commercial industrial EFTA00281426

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Energy Facts 46% of household energy consumption is natural gas 43% of household energy consumption is electricity Source: United States Energy Information Administration Chart (2011) for household energy consumption by source Household Energy Consumption by Source, 2009 Total = 10.18 Quadrillion Btu EFTA00281427

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Energy Fact #01 Q: How much energy does a person use in a year? A: In 2011, total energy use per person (or per capita consumption) in the United States was about 313 million British thermal units (Btu). The world per capita consumption of energy! in 2011 was about 75 million Btu. People in the United States consume approximately 4-times more energy per person per year than the world average. Q: What would the consequences be if everyone in the world consumed the same amount of energy per person as people in the United States? Q: What would be the result if everyone in the United States reduced their energy consumption to equal the world per capita EFTA00281428

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Energy Fact #02 The population of the United States is 320 million. The population of the world is 7.2 billion. The population of the United States is 4.4% of the world’s population. In 2012, world total primary energy consumption was about 529 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu). Primary energy consumption in the United States was about 95 quadrillion Btu, equal to 18% of world total primary energy consumption. Q: Is it reasonable for 5% of the world’s population to consume 20% of the world’s energy? Is it sustainable? EFTA00281429

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Household Energy Use 36% of household energy consumption is related to household appliances 33% of household energy consumption is related to heating and air conditioning 10% of household energy consumption is related to lighting 10% of household energy consumption is related to water heating Note: waste heat from appliances and lighting can contribute to the heat load and to additional cooling requirements. Source: TeachEngineering.org Household Electricity Other Equipment . j ae |” Consumption aundry | Appliances 5 7% \ Air-Conditioning Home Electronics ~ 8% Lighting Space Heating 10% 11% HVAC Appliances 10% 3% Kitchen Appliances 29% EFTA00281430

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Energy Star Equipment and Appliances 1. Use the USGBC LEED CI 2009 EA Credit 1.4 Letter Template to create a list of your household appliances. 2. Research Energy Star appliances to replace as many of your existing appliances as possible. 3. Note: There isno ENERGY STAR label for residential ovens, ranges, or microwave ovens at this time. Resource: http://www.enereystar.gov/index.c 2fuseaction=find_a_product. Refrigerator : a Computer and —— Monitor Printer Dishwasher Clothes Clothes Washer Dryer EFTA00281431

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Energy Star Equipment and Appliances 1. Use the USGBC LEED CI 2009 EA Credit 1.4 Letter Template to create a list of your household appliances. Research Energy Star appliances to replace as many of your existing appliances as possible. 3. Note: There isno ENERGY STAR label for residential ovens, ranges, or microwave ovens at this time. Resource: http://www.energystar.gov/index.c ?fuseaction=find_a_product. LEED! 2.0 Lotter Tormplate EA Credit 14: Optimize Enargy Performance Equipment & Appliances (Responsible Party) - doctor -oy vine hr bore amma lisncas are ENERGY STAR rated and yield the indicated percamtage of te tea, datermined fy rata “prsnes Thave provided the following documentation te support the declaration: (0% A narrative describing the equiprnent and appliances that will be installed in the project, LEED-C12.0 Letter Template EA Credit 1.4: Optirnize Energy Performance, Equipment & Appliances . Total Power in Project for ENERGY STAR Rated Equipment and Appliances | watts) 4,760 Percentage of ENERGY STAR Rated Power for Equipment and Ap plicances im Project EFTA00281432

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Table 2. Energy Consumption and Rated Power, by Equipment Type Energy Star Equipment . Energy Star Equipment and Appliances Desay Compu USGBC LEED CI 2009 EA Credit oe 1.4 Display (CRT) 17" Reference Table 2 eet = Energy Consumption and Rated aes = Power, by Equipment Type Desktop laser printer Office laser printer NOTE: Desktop copter From the FULL LEED CI 2009 == G uide Scanner Refrigerator Dishwasher Televisions Commercial refrigerator/freezer Commercial fryer Commercial hot food holding cabinet Commercial steam cooker 8000 [Clothes waster [ciotres dryer | too Totals 6405 5265 Percent Energy Star 82.2% Sources: Energy Star Website (qaw enengystar gov) DOE Energy Information Portal (httpwwe sere energy gov) Lawrence Berkeley national Laboratory Website and Reports (http enduse_|bl ESTAR tem) Pat sendyse tbl gow! Note; The values in this table represent average rated power figures for equipment based on a variety of government information sources, The values are applicable only for weighting the LEED calculation based on relative power draws of different equipment and are not meant to be accurate estinates of actual power in use. EFTA00281433

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 1. Create a life-cycle analysis for two (2) options for one (1) appliance. Include first cost, and annual energy cost. Use $0.12 per watt for the energy cost. Which is the least expensive to purchase? Which appliance uses less energy, and costs less to operate annually? At what point is the more expensive appliance more cost-effective? GE Profile™ Series ENERGY STAR® French-Door Refrigerator Model# PWE23KSDSS $2,600.00 GE® 25.4 Cu. Ft. Side-By-Side Model# GSS25GSHSS $1,400.00 EFTA00281434

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 1. Create a life-cycle analysis for two (2) options for one (1) appliance. Include first cost, and annual energy cost. Use $0.12 per watt for the energy cost. 2. Which is the least expensive to purchase? Which appliance uses less energy, and costs less to operate annually? At what point is the more expensive appliance more cost-effective? Annual Annual Energy jon liance ModelNo. Cost Ene! Cost Yearl _Year2 _Year3 _Year4 _YearS _Year6 Year? _Year8 _Year9 _Year10 Year93 GE Profile Series Energy Star Option 1 23,1 CU, FT. Counter-Depth PWE23KSDSS $2,600.00 596 $72.00 $2,672.00 $2,744.00 $2,816.00 $2,888.00 $2,960.00 $3,032.00 $3,104.00 $3,176.00 $3,248.00 $3,320.00 $9,296.00 GE® 25.4 Cu. Ft. Option 2 Side-By-Side Refrigerator _GSS25GSHSS $1.400,00 708 $85.00 $1,485.00 $1,570.00 $1,655.00 $1,740.00 $1,825.00 $1,910.00 $1,995.00 $2,080.00 $2,165.00 $2,250.00 $9,305.00 1,200.00 $13.00 $1,187.00 $1,174.00 $1,161.00 $1,148.00 $1,135.00 $1,122.00 $1,109.00 $1,096.00 $1,083.00 $1,070.00 $9.00 Result: Option 1 costs $1,200.00 more than Option 2. Option 1 costs $13.00 less per year in energy costs. It would take 93-years for Option 1 to be more cost effective than Option 2, Note: This assumes that energy costs remain the same for the next 93- EFTA00281435

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Cost Comparison between LEDs, CFLs and Incandescent light bulbs Lamp Cost Comparison 60 watt incandescent lamb LED CFL Incandescent Light bulb projected lifespan ~[ 50,000 hours 10,000hours | ‘4,200 hours = 14 watt compact fluorescent lamp Watts per bulb (equiv. 60 watts) | = = = (CFL) Cost per bulb | $35.85 $2.95 $1.25 KWh of electricity used over [ = 10 watt LED lamp 50,000 hours — seat Cost of electricity (@ 0.10per KWh) | $50 $70 $300 Bulbs needed for 50k hours of use 1 5 42 . . Equivalent 50k hours bulb expense | $35.95 $19.75 $52.50 Life-Cycle Analysis for 50,000 Total cost for 50k hours ‘$85.75 $03.75 $252.50 hours: Energy Savings over 50,000 hours, assuming 25 bulbs per household: 60 watt incandescent = $8,812.50 saa nisi has =—— Sears oo Savings to household by switchi 14 watt compact fluorescent lamp sa ae $9868.75 $6568.75 0 (CFL) = $2,243.75 — - Cost of electricity will vary. The figures used above are for comparison only, and are not exact. Residential 10 watt LED lamp _ $2, 143.75 energy costs among the various states range from 28.53 cents (Hawaii) to 6.24 cents (Idaho) per KWH ~ The cost per bulb for LEDs may vary. We used the figure of $35.95 (for a 60 watt equivalent LED bulb) as an average among lighting retailers. - Estimates of bulb lifespan are projected, since it would take about 6 years of continuous lighting to test. Some manufacturers claim the new LED bulbs will last up to 25 years under normal household use, but this is not proven. Source: - Bulb breakage and bulb replacement costs have not been factored into this comparison chart. Incandescent bulbs and CFL bulbs are more easily broken than LEDs, which increases their cost of use. - Most LEDs come with a minimum 2-year guarantee. Any defective LED bulb will usually fail within this time. comparison.html EFTA00281436

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Lamp Types Incandescent and Fluorescent lamps reveal ; a ot 32 ay ye a 11-watt LED lamp equivalent to a 60-watt incandescent lamp Source: shapes-sizes B SERIES 900 6 29 0000 29000 CA SERIES 10000 209009 9 0 SERIES = ou... 4¢——> MRSERIES - ~~ BRSERIES TAVY vevY GF¥Y Ad Bd 5 "0029200 y040 100000000 200001 "0000000000 rae reR UD LINEST ia a) EFTA00281437

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Lamp Comparison Ligne Incandescent: 90% of the energy they release is as heat, not light. } CFLs create light by having an electric current forced through a tube containing gas. LED lighting is the most efficient “ Incandescent Bulbs Compact Fluorescent Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting available today. Lamps (CFLs) Source: http://www.smartenergytoday.net/ind ustryknowledge/lighting/ EFTA00281438

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Lamp Comparison Note Heat Emitted which also increases the need for air conditioning Note hazardous materials for CFLs Note required lighting levels (lumens or foot-candles) must be met, and required emergency lighting for life safety must be met (emergency lighting for exiting). Source: comparison.html Comparing the features of Incandescent, CFL and LED bulbs Frequent On/Off Cycling Turns on instantly Durability Heat Emitted Sensitivity to high temperature Sensitivity to low temperature Sensitivity to humidity Hazardous Materials Replacement frequency {over 50k hours) LEDs CFLs Incandescents no effect shortens lifespan some effect yes slight delay yes durable fragile fragile low (3 btu’s/hr) | medium (30 btu’s/hr} high (85 btu’s/hr) some yes no no yes no no yes some none 3 mg mercury/bulb none 1 5 40+ EFTA00281439

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Daylighting Strategies DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES Example from http://www.slideshare.net/BNIM/this-is- every-building * Daylight / Windows + Light Tubes + North Diffuse Daylight * Daylight Responsive Dimming - Views + Daylight Harvesting Sunscreen * 98% Daylit EFTA00281440

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

EA Credit 1.2 Optimize Energy Performance, Lighting Controls 1. Daylight dimming controls for 15’-0” from windows, and under skylights; 2. Daylight dimming controls for 50% of the lighting load; 3. Occupancy sensors for 75% of the connected lighting load Diagrams from: http://www.scldirect.co.uk/pir-occupancy- switch-with-daylight-linked-dimming. html ALLS y fs — . —— ee . . 3 ¥ . . . ; . —— . ® 7 . Enough daylight, Reduc ed cidaylight, Night, Cccunied Occupied Occupied “Toohk - Lighting OFF - Lighting DIMMED ~ Lighting ON ar a = Enough iol, Reduced daylight, Night, Unoccupied Unoccupied Unoccupied - Lighting OFF - Lighting OFF - Lighting OFF 8 EFTA00281441

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

EA Credit 1.2 Optimize Energy Performance, Lighting Controls 1. Daylight dimming controls for 15’-0” from windows, and under skylights; 2. Daylight dimming controls for 50% of the lighting load; 3. Some daylight sensors can integrate occupancy / vacancy sensors. Radio Powr Savrim Radio Powr Savr». Wireless Daylight Sensor Lutron. wireless daylight sensor is a battery-powered sensor that automatically controls lights via RF communication to compatible dimming or switching devices. This sensor mounts to the ceiling and measures light in the space. The sensor then transmits the light level to the associated dimming or switching devices that automatically control the lights to balance light level in the space. The sensor combines both convenience and exceptional energy savings potential along with ease of installation. Features © Wireless daylight sensor has simple calibration. © Daylight compensation through Lutron. reliable open loop control. © Designed to give a linear response to changes in viewed light level. Light range 0 to 1600 Ix (0 to 150 fc). e Uses Clear Connects technology. © Works with Radio Powr Savrm occupancy/ vacancy sensors and Picde wireless controls. ¢ One sensor can be associated with up to 10 compatible RF dimming and switching devices allowing for switching, stepped dimming, and continuous dimming of multiple zones. © Intuitive test mode provides instant system verification. © Multiple ceiling mount methods available for different ceiling materials. ¢ Front accessible test buttons make setup easy. © 10-year battery life. © RoHS compliant. LRFX-DCRB Wireless Daylight Sensor Model Number LRFX-DCRB-WH L— Color Code Frequency/ Channel Code Frequency/Channel Codes 2 = 431.0 - 437.0 MHz (U.S.A., Canada, Mexico, Brazil) 3 = 868.125 - 869.850 MHz (Europe, U.A.E,) 4 = 868.125 - 868.475 MHz (China, Singapore) 5 = 865.5 — 866.5 MHz (India) 6 = 312.3 — 314.8 MHz (Japan) 7 = 433.05 - 434.79 MHz (Hong Kong, Macau) Color Code WH = White Compatible RF Devices ¢ For use with Lutrone products only. ¢ Communicates to various wireless Lutrone systems”. EFTA00281442

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

EA Credit 1.1 Optimize Energy Performance, Lighting Power As of January 1, 2015 Commercial projects must comply with the 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Scheduled to take effect in August 2015 all Residential projects must comply with the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC). ASHRAE 90.1 prescribes a maximum of 1.0 watts per square foot for lighting power density (LPD) Fora 10’-0” x 10-0” room = 100 square feet the maximum energy that can be used for lighting is 100 watts. Example from the LEED CI 2009 EA Credit 1.1 Letter Template is for a 20,000 SF Office Project allowing 1W/SF, and ahasitan ~ MO/ Dadsentinwn Aahianand LEED-C! 2.0 Letter Template EA Credit 1.1: Optimize Energy Performance, Lighting Power ~esign (Professional Engineer or Other Responsible Partyt poop earch sr a a @ Reduced lighting powsr density to 15% below the standard. © Raducad lighting powsr density to 25% below the standard. © Reduced lighting powse density to 35% below the standard. The calculation was determined by the following method: © Space-by-space mathod @ Building area method Ihave induded the following additional supporting documentation (7) The Lighting Compliance Documentation provided in the ASHRAE/ESNA Standard $0.1-2008 Uszar's Manual LEED-C! 2.0 Letter Ternplate EA Crodit 1,1: Optimize Energy Performance, Lighting Power Total Floor Arenisq-ft]] 20,000 Intertor Lighting PowerAllowance[watts]| 20,000 Ughting Power Reduction Achieved [watts] Lighting Power Reduction Achieved [%] | 2» | EFTA00281443

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

EA Credit 1.2 Optimize Energy Performance, Maestro. Sensors . . Lutron quality and performance, now in a sensor. Lighting Controls Occupancy sensors for 75% of the connected lighting load Occupancy sensors can be: a. integrated into the light fixture; b. integrated into a stand-alone daylight sensor sensor" amorswich™” Suarencut mounted on the ceiling that connects to the light fixture; c. Integrated into the light switch sensor switch Occupancy/Vacancy sensors sense motion, and require “line of sight” to occupants. An occupancy sensor turns on when you enter a room, but needs to be manually turned off when you leave. A vacancy sensor needs to be manually turned on, and turns off automatically when it does not sense motion for a set period of time. EFTA00281444

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

EA Credit 1.2 Optimize Energy Performance, Lighting Controls 1. Daylight dimming controls for 15’-0” from windows, and under skylights; 2. Daylight dimming controls for 50% of the lighting load; 3. Occupancy sensors for 75% of the connected lighting load Example from the LEED CI 2009 EA Credit 1.2 Letter Template LEED-C! 2.0 Letter Ternplate EA Credit 1.2: Optimize Energy Performance, Lighting Controls (Professional Engineer or Other Responsible Party) L . declare to USGBC that daylight resporaive contro have been installed in all regularly occupied spaces within 15 feat of windows and under skylights. have induded the following additional supporting documentation 1% A narrative describing the lighting controls that have been incorporated in the tanant space design. EFTA00281445

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Daylight and Views Indoor Environmental Quality EQ Credits 8.1 and 8.2 Daylight and Views — Daylight - 75% or 90% of spaces - Show in plan Plan example from Winchip, Figure 6.9a on page 159 EFTA00281446

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

LEED-C1 pig ee Daylight and Views fri L , declare to USGBC that there thers exists either 2 minirrunm Daylight Factor of 25 Indoor Environmental Quality (ececing ol irectenlght pomeeaon ort lust 28toutemndte bn © 79% of all regularly occupied areas EQ Credits 8.1 and 8.2 on @ 20% of all regularly occupied areas. Daylight and Views — Daylight ano - 75% or 90% of spaces 2X |further declare that daylight reduction and/or glare control dences are provided toensure daybght eMfectweness, = Show in plan Ihave provided the following supplementary documentation to support the documentation: . Calodations tabUated in a sproadshest and drawing: that define the daylight zone and prediction calculations or dayight Sample LEED CI 2.0 Letter — genubaticn resus to darnoretate a rinimum Daylight Factor of 2% 75% of al space cccupied for tical visual tasks on Template 1g] Coladatons tbuseedin a sprasdshoet and crovings that detne the doylight sone and prediction caloultions or fe tm simulation results to demonstrate a rninimurn Daylight Factor of 23 in $05 of all space occupied for critical visual For manual daylight and views calculations, dick here to download the spreadsheet associated with this credit. Once complete, remember to upload the spreadsheet to LEED Online. EQ Cr. 8.1(1 point): Daylight & Views, Daylight 75% of Spaces Points Documented: Ey EQ Cr. 8.2(1 additional point): Daylight & Views, Daylight 90% of Spaces Points Documentad: neal Project Name Crodit: EQ Credit #.1 - 0.2 (2 points possibile! Daylight & Views, Daylight Points Decumentad: maa) READY TO SAVE THIS TEMPLATE TO LEED-ONLINE? Picase erteryourfirst name, last name and today's Gate below, folibwed by your LEED Offline Userraema and Pamword issodated with the Projact Erted above to confer submesion of thts temptata FirstName Last Narme Dave Username (Email Address) Password EFTA00281447

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Daylight and Views Indoor Environmental Quality EQ Credit 8.3 Daylight and Views — Views for Seated Spaces - Building occupants in 90% of regularly occupied spaces will have direct lines of sight to perimeter glazing (between 2’-6” to 7’-6”) from a seated position 42 inches above the floor. Section example from Winchip, Figure 6.9b on page 159 TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH WORK AREA Figure 6.9a and b sight lines itustrating views to the outdoors on a (a) plan view and a fb section view. (ustration by Atlanta Sketch Grou EFTA00281448

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

> Ou scnnanngan RCTS esign Daylight and Views Aci ne Dg erp ay Indoor Environmental Quality Adasen endshanspedeunal udepoauansistienl Oooo ; 1 Siaeioe wate eipmetine demeneesig ‘views through vision glaring to the cutdoor environment from S% Daylight and Views — Views for rorie eeepc Seated Spaces % act ies sight to patmatar lang from 42 inches sbowe the oor - Building occupants in 90% of regularly occupied spaces will have direct lines of sight to perimeter glazing (between 2’-6” to 7’-6") from a seated position 42 inches above the floor. Sample LEED CI 2.0 Letter Template Project Nemec Crodit: EQ Godit €3 (1 point possible: Daylight & Views, Views for 90% of Spaces Points Oocumentsd: READY TO SAVE THIS TEMPLATE TO LEED-ONLINE? Please enter your first mama, tast name and today's date below, followed byyour LEED Online Useerame and Pamword sssodated win the Project Ested above to confirm submesion of this temptate, FirstName Last Nara Date Username Email Address) Password EFTA00281449

--=PAGE_BREAK=--

Sources * http://www.eia. gov/tools/faqs/fag.cfm?id=85&t=1 ¢ http://www.census.gov/popclock/ * https://www.teachengineering.org/view_lesson.php?url=collection/cla /lessons/cla_lesson7_household_energy/cla_lesson7_household_ener gy.xml ° http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product. EFTA00281450