Water Parsons The New School for Design School of Constructed Environments Interior Design (AAS) Environmental Design PAID 1028-X1 SP-17 Hikida EFTA00281336

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Learning Objectives * At the end of this presentation you should know: * The percentage of the earth’s surface that is covered with water. * The percentage of a human being that is composed of water. * The uses of water globally by use group as a percentage. * The uses of water for residential use by percentage. * The US Environmental Protection Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992) flow rates for household plumbing fixtures. EFTA00281337

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Questions about water * What do we use water for? * Where does our water come from? * How much water do we use every day? Every year? * How can we reduce our water consumption? * How would you design a space without any plumbing? EFTA00281338

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Water facts: * Chemical composition: H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. * Water is the only pure substance found naturally in all three states of matter: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or vapor). * Hydrophilic = “water attracting”, examples: wood, and paper. * Hydrophobic = “water repelling”, example: oil. - Capillary action = “the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, and in opposition to, external forces like gravity”. * Water finds its own level. EFTA00281339

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71% of the earth’s surface is covered with water EFTA00281340

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Volumetric representation of earth’s water EFTA00281341

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The water cycle Seer ason Evaporation Groundwater storage EFTA00281342

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Where is the earth’s water? Surface/oth Atmosphere Living things Freshwater 2.5% en 1.2% 3.0% 0.26% Rivers 0.49% Swamps, marshes 2.6% Soil moisture 3.8% Total global Freshwater Surface water and water other freshwater Source: Igor Shiklomanov's chapter “World fresh water resources” in Peter H. Gleick (editor), 1993, Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources. NOTE: Numbers are rounded, so percent summations may not add to 100. EFTA00281343

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Consequences of Dehydration THIRST MENTAL Thirst is @ useful indicator of daily Dehydration can degrade specific 0 fluid requirements. Unfortunately, a's not aspects of cognitive performance includ umans are O Wale) | tin cic es ty sas ng vol epee tern, ary mildly dehydrated by the time an average fatigue and visual working memory. Dehy. person starts to notice thirst.! dration was also linked to negative mood rating, impaired motor performance and shortterm memory* SKIN DEHYDRATION Dehydration results in dry skin +7 A 186 loss of body mass due to fluid and wrinkles.” 04s Is defined as dehydration’ WATER makes up to 0 KIDNEYS MN VA (weicut oss Higher water intake is shown to Opting for water instead of sugary have a protective impact on the drinks can help reduce body kidneys, and there is initial weight and fat levels. According evidence that CKD (Chronic to Stookey" just drinking S00 mi Kidney Disease) may be inversely (17 02) of water increases energy related to hegher water intake. expenditure by 100k. Findings in the same study indicate that an absolute increase in drinking water to to & 1 (34 oz)/day was associated with -2 kg or 5 Ibs weight loss over 12 months. “WATER Water plays crucial roles, in trans: porting onutrents and = waste products between our major organs A study by Dai et al found a strong protective effect of fluid intake i preventing kidney stone forma. tion in men.* PHYSICAL Studies have shown that the modest level of dehydration (2% of body mass) can result in around a 20% decrease in phys) cal pertormance levets in temper ate climates and up to « 40% decrease in hot temperatures’ EFTA00281344

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What do we use water for? Domestic 10% Worldwide Agricultural use accounts for 70% of all water consumption Industrial use 20% Domestic use 10% EFTA00281345

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The average American uses 176 gallons of water per day compared to 5 gallons of water the average African family uses each day. Gallons American Water Use African Water Use ®@ Gallons EFTA00281346

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U.S. Freshwater Use (2005) Total freshwater withdrawals in the United States, 2005 USGS Public supply Domestic Irrigation Livestock Aquaculture Industrial Mining Thermoelectric 0 25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 125,000 150,000 175.000 200,000 225.000 Water withdrawals, in million gallons per day EFTA00281347

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Household water using devices ¢ Water closets (toilets) ¢ Urinals * Lavatories (sink faucets) ¢ Shower heads ¢ Bathtub faucets ¢ Kitchen sink faucets ¢ Dishwashers * Clothes washers ¢ Garden hoses EFTA00281348

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What do we use water for at home? How Much Water Do We Use? Faucet 15.7% Leaks 13.7% Clothes washer Other 21.7% 5.3% Source: American Woter Works Agaciation Arearch Foundation, “Readential Find es of Woter,” 1999 EFTA00281349

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Current U.S. Environmental Protection Act Plumbing Fixture Flow Rates * Water closets (toilets) = 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) * Urinals = 1.0 gpf ¢ Lavatories (sink faucets) = 2.2 gallons per minute (gpm) at 60 pounds per square inch (psi) ¢ Shower heads = 2.5 gpm at 80 psi * Bathtub faucets = no standard * Kitchen sink faucets = 2.2 gpf at 60 psi * Dishwashers = 4.5 to 6.5 gallons per cycle * Commercial clothes washers = 9.5 gallons per cycle per cubic feet * Garden hoses = no standard EFTA00281350

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American Standard CHAMPION® 4 ELONGATED “Fivle Teat Works Getler RIGHT HEIGHT™ ONE-PIECE TOILET (CHAMPION® 4 ELONGATED RIGHT HEIGHT’™ ONE-PIECE TOILET * Foatures Champion® 4 Flushing System performance plattorm + + son adjestabie, piston acton Acceiorato’™ fush wave * 16-1/2" nm heignt tor accessible applicators '* Elongated siphon action jtted bow! + 2-318" fully-glazed trapway '* Chrome trip lever * 100% tactory flush tested * 2 bolt caps + 10 your warranty Nominal Dimensions: 7S6 x 451 x omm 29-34" « 17-9" « 29-02") Fonure only, seat and supply by others Compliance Certitications - ‘Moots or Exceeds the Following Specifications” + ASME A112.19.2M for Vitreous China Factures- includes Flush Performance, Ball Pass Diameter, Trap Seal Depth and all Dimonsons eee SDincheson S1OWN FOM LOCATION OF SURRY SUGRESTED te meaner Ras American Standard BOULEVARD FloWise™ RIGHT HEIGHT™ “Style Teat Works Better ELONGATED ONE-PIECE TOILET BOULEVARD FioWise™ RIGHT HEIGHT™ ELONGATED ONE-PIECE TOILET J 209.128 Warecus S921 fing and easy bft-oft feature for simple removal and reattachment tor cleaning Compliance - Meats or Exceeds the Following Specifications: + ASME AN12.19.2-2008 / CSA B45.1-08 *US EPA WaterSense™ Specification for HETs IE AND MUET EFTA00281351

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Seis LYNBROOK® URINAL LYNBROOK 1.0 GPF BLOWOUT URINAL + Flushing rim * Blowout flush action © Privacy shoids © tet" inat spud * Outlet commection threaded 2° insite (NPTF) © 2 wal hangers * Fate * Meets ASME flush requirements at 1.0 GPF (3 6601.012 Top spud Nominal Dimensions: 386 x 470 x 730mm (14* x 18-172" x 28-344") Recommended working pressure - between 20 psi at waive when flushing and 60 psi static Compliance = Mects or Exceeds the FoBowing * ASME A112.19,2 tor Vitreous China Fixtures To Be Specified: @ Color S White Flash J Amoncan Standars 6045 601 Marna! (1-41" Top Spud} J Amencan Standard Setectrome 662.601 DC Power (1-14" Top Spud SEE REVERSE FOR ROUGHING WN DIMENSIONS ©2019 AS Ameren tne Mewwed 212 Eee WASHBROOK® FloWise® 0.5 GPF HIGH EFFICIENCY URINAL | SYSTEM SELECTRONIC® FLUSH VALVE WASHBROOK® FloWise* 0.5 GPF HIGH EFFICIENCY URINAL SYSTEM © $00.508 05 ppt expound Bon Syed dal and Selectronic® Urinal Flush Vaive * Model 659.001 top spud of power or water pressure and doos not need to be resat * Adjustable Sanitary Push cleans the fixture & maintains the trap seal ¢ Stadium Feature Valve automatically switches to eae cong eee Rane pode Shona waeee * Chemical Resistart EPDM for extonded fife Se Te ame * Can be inatalled loft or right hanced + Model 6063.051 Inchedes °2 . eee resistant cap © Sweat soiier hit including cover tube and wail flange * 24" High back pressure vacuure breaker, spud coupling and flange ‘SEE REVERSE FOR ROUGHENG-IN DIMENSIONS © 50% water savings when compared to a 1.0 gpt unnal system Battery Lite: © 4 yoars @ 4,000 fusnes per month Pressure: Overat Range 20-125 psi* 20 psi Mowing)-80 psi (state) “ Waiter pressure over 80 psi is not recommended for most plumbing foctures. Flow Requirement: 10 gom G79 L/min) Nominal Fuctare 3460 x 480 x 664mm (14-1 va x 18 18" x 26-178") © 704 AS Amenes ie EFTA00281352

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Sinai "wow cornet SE! U 7490.000 Centerset Bar Sink Faucet Gooseneck serve! spout Less handies, Handles must be ordered separately. GENERAL DESCRIPTION: PRODUCT FEATURES: Durable brass washeroes Ceramic Disc Valve Cartridges: Assures a itetme of male ole pedgylenemnt Sredeeamaniakacaae™ Soe Serato, pee coe ne om appécations ideal tor pecioeged contact wih mater Load Free: Faucet contains « 0.25% total lead content by worried average. © BOND AB Arvaricn tre Revised ¥¥4 HERITAGE TWO-HANDLE CENTERSET BAR SINK FAUCET CODES AND STANDARDS noe These products moet or exceed the tollowng codes and standards: ASME ANI2.18.1 CSAB MSF fection # an Annes G on *# © & 10 INLET PRESSURE (PSI) a cet Handles must be ordered separatety. To onter Less Mandies - eet ae te anos Stewed by Sve zeros and 3 Gop teieh rere, Exarpte 490.000 002 = Bar Sink taucat in Potshed Crome finish. The above fittings will eccept the totowing Amartis Sevies Randios 0 POND AS Amare oe Pevtned 4 EFTA00281353

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QJ MOEN Specifications Buy it for looks. Buy it for life" DESCRIPTION + Guome plated metal construction + 1/2" connections: IPS « exterior, CC - interior + Includes showerhead, arm and fange OPERATION + Dual control + Lever handtes + Volume and temperature controlled by rotating handles toward spout to open FLOW Q + Showerhead 5 lerited to 25 gpen (95 Limint max. + §P usffox showerhead are limited to 2.0 gem (76 L/min} max. iS MOEN" Three-Handle Tub/Shower CARTRIDGE + 1224 cartridge devign + Nonmetalic and stainless steel materiats STANDARDS . pore cent dbrstreeni eto 18.CSA 8125.1, and all applicable sequirements referenced tt im + ADA @ for lever handles anes eae eae + Meets WaterSense* criteria for EP uatfix models + Meets New York City Local Law No. 57 fer EP suffte modets WARRANTY Valve + Lifetime limmed warranty against leaks, dnps and finish defects to the original consamer purchaser + Syear waranty if used im commercial installations FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL: 1-800-8UT-MOEN wew.moen.com ee 103 EFTA00281354

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Sources water-2/ Marble.jpg ¢ https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthhowmuch.html ° http://www.waterinfo.org/resources/water-facts ¢ http://www.worldometers.info/water/ ° http://www.epa.gov/WaterSense/pubs/indoor.html EFTA00281355