FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Staffing Levels August 2025 EFTA00035829

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Table of Contents 1 | Executive Summary Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total Number of y) | BOP Employees Including the total number of inmates in all drug treatment programs and the following individual programs: Drug Education Program, Residential Drug Abuse Program (RDAP), Non-Residential Drug Abuse Program (NRDAP), Community Treatment Program, and Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) Program. Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Filled First Step Act 3 | (FSA) Positions Including the total number of inmates in all drug treatment programs and the following individual programs: Drug Education Program, RDAP. NRDAP, Community Treatment Program, and MAT Program. EFTA00035830

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Executive Summary EFTA00035831

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Executive Summary This analysis, conducted in response to GAO Priority Recommendation 2*, examines the correlation between inmate participation in drug treatment programs and staffing levels from FY2021 to FY2024. This analysis examines (1) the correlation between inmate participation in drug treatment programs and the total number of BOP employees, and (2) the correlation between inmate participation in drug treatment programs and the number of filled FSA positions. Findings reflect correlation only and do not imply causation. Key Insights @' Total Number of BOP Employees No correlation between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs. No correlation between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in individual drug treatment programs.** Oo Number of Filled FSA Positions No correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program, RDAP, or Community Treatment programs. Moderate correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs. Moderate correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in NRDAP. Strong correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the number of BOP employees affect inmate participation in drug treatment programs. This indicates that increases in filled FSA positions are generally associated with higher inmate participation in certain drug treatment programs, though other factors may also play a role. *GAO Priority Recommendation 2: “The Director of BOP should develop and implement a plan for analyzing data to help identify and address the causes and potential impacts of staffing challenges on staff and inmates" 4 **individual drug treatment programs include the following: Drug Education Program, RDAP, NRDAP, Community Treatment Program, and MAT Program. EFTA00035832

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Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total Number of BOP Employees EFTA00035833

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Total Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total BOP Employees The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number BOP employees and the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the total number of inmates participating in drug treatment programs. Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total Number of BOP Employees 90,000 37312 37,500 20 (0,000 37,000 4 ~ * ° = 70,000 x J a , 36,500 z= £E = no 60,000 3 £ 50 ., 35940 36,000 o E& 50,000 ree al a z¢ es en ol 35,500 wo S 2 40,000 rr fe} OE v Ce — acer 35,001...» m 2S .. | 9 Ff i 35,000 3 E £ 30,000 3 2 <= o 20,000 34,500 ® ra) nv a 10,000 34,000 55,265 27,704 75,246 79,690 - 33,500 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fiscal Year Total Number of Inmates in Drug Treatment Programs +++@-+ Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) *The correlation has an R2 value of 0.002 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in drug treatment programs. To show a strong impact, data standards require 6 R2 > 0.50. EFTA00035834

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Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Total BOP Employees The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the total number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program. Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Total Number of BOP Employees 30,000 37,500 e. 37,312 20088 37,000 25,000 ey 2 a 22,406 = fat e | 36,500 Zz £G 20,000 19,378 wn, 3 — ' d me 35,940 = 4 30 . . 36,000 oO a x ps cS ° Ec 353870 Q co 15,000 re 35,500 w Ls Dre net [e) cr 35,001 ee v REC PIO OUT ae m af 10,000 Td 35,000 3 £ ‘ 8,749 ry > < Zz 34,500 oO oO uw 5,000 34,000 33,500 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fiscal Year Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program +++@--- Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) *The correlation has an R2 value of 0.003 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the Drug Education Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require 7 R2 > 0.50. EFTA00035835

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Inmates in RDAP vs. Total BOP Employees The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in RDAP. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in RDAP. 14,000 12,000 a <x a ce 10,000 £ val g s 8,000 £ £ — re} 6,000 _ c) ce} § 4,000 z 2,000 *The correlation has an R?2 value of 0.004 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in RDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 0.50. 37,312 10,465 2021 Number of Inmates in RDAP vs. Total Num 35,387 ; ae 6640 ence 2022 Fiscal Year Number of Inmates in Residential Drug Abuse Program see Qove ber of BOP Employees 7 12,027 35,940 — e a —_ Teg 2023 ; Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) 37,500 37,000 ry co » 36,500 > Cc 3 36,000 o © ° gq 35,500 w 2) Uv m 35,000 3 Zz 2 34,500 o om uw 34,000 33,500 EFTA00035836

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Inmates in NRDAP vs. Total BOP Employees The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in NRDAP. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in NRDAP. 25,000 a < 20,000 a [aa z £ 4 15,000 ~~ oO € £ _ ° 10,000 _ iF) 2 £ at z 5,000 *The correlation has an R? value of 0.03 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the NRDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R? > 0.50. Number of Inmates in NRDAP vs. Total Number of BOP Employees a. 37,312 13,570 35,387 “e 7,891 2021 2022 Fiscal Year Number of Inmates in Non-Residential Drug Abuse Program 20,993 21,166 35,940 _— ° enuils 35,001 2023 2024 +++@-++> Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) 37,500 37,000 ry ct 2 36,500 > Cc 3 36,000 o © °o gq 35,500 w e) Uv m 35,000 3 Zz 2 34,500 oy om uw 34,000 33,500 EFTA00035837

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Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Total BOP Employees The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program. Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Total Number of BOP Employees 16,000 37,500 37,332 14,944 > 14,000 on 37,000 € ma, 13,149 a 3 me, a £ 12,000 11,852 ac 36,500 > Eg “, z oe ms 3 oD = 10,000 Mey, 35,340 36,000 ox co os i oO _— i i 0 A es al nua rs TT ° Ye a 83838 ers s o 5 8,000 35387 35,500 fas] e = Win ttt ie) = EE 35,001... 7 Se ern, —" m ou 6,000 e 35,000 3 we me) wv 4,424 rey 2 < = 4,000 34,500 oO 3 & Zz 2,000 34,000 33,500 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fiscal Year Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program ++-@-- Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) *The correlation has an R? value of 0.02 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the Community Treatment Program. To show a strong impact, data standards 10 require R? > 0.50. EFTA00035838

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Inmates in MAT Program vs. Total BOP Employees The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program. 10,000 9,000 £ oo SD —-8,000 a ; _ a = 7,000 < = < 6,000 val & 5,000 = , £ = 4,000 — °o oO 3,000 2a E 3 2,000 Zz 1,000 *The correlation has an R? value of 0.21 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the MAT Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R? > 0.50. Number of Inmates in MAT Program vs. Total Number of BOP Employees a. 37,312 °° _ 35,387 “e 3,208 246 2021 2022 Number of Inmates in Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) Program Fiscal Year 9,136 35,940 yee? e oe 35,001,000" 2023 ; +++ Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) 37,500 37,000 a ct 2 36,500 > Cc 3 36,000 o © ° gq 35,500 w e) Uv m 35,000 3 Zz 2 34,500 o om uw 34,000 33,500 EFTA00035839

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Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Filled FSA Positions EFTA00035840

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Total Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Filled FSA Positions The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows a moderate correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs. As the number of filled FSA positions increases, the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs tends to increase but may be influenced by additional factors. Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions 90,000 800 20 80,000 700 fa 669 2 — 70,000 a c <u a 600 2 Se o uo 60,000 at © et 500 g i ra nm Ee 50,000 ae z rn we o ve = wo 400 or of 40,000 338. x a aoe ¥ BE yo mS 5 = 200 SS a oo g cane 248 3° ow 20,000 ene 200 s ~~ we ec "ee" 10,000 ° 100 55,265 27,704 75,246 79,690 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fiscal Year Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs ++@- Number of Filled FSA Positions *The correlation has an R? value of 0.39 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has a moderate impact on the total number of inmates in all drug treatment programs. To show a strong impact, data standards 413 require R2 > 0.50. EFTA00035841

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Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Filled FSA Positions The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the number of filled FSA positions affect the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program. Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions 30,000 800 669 700 25,000 ied 2 rr rr = S & . 600 2 c E “wn o =o QO000 al “ — ° ® oo Posi 500 => a> a nm Ee 2 ¢§ 15,000 400 a So D es 5% 338 oO a > go PAB canenenensenenn” 300 2 20 10,000 nanan 9 att ” = a eee 200 S 5,000 Mm eo e 100 19,378 8,749 26,958 22,406 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fiscal Year Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program +-@- Number of Filled FSA Positions *The correlation has an R? value of 0.13 that the total number of filled FSA positions has no impact on the number of inmates in the Drug Education Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R? > 0.50. 14 EFTA00035842

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Inmates in RDAP vs. Filled FSA Positions The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in RDAP. There is no trend indicating that changes in the number of filled FSA positions affect the number of inmates participating in RDAP. Number of Inmates in RDAP vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions 14,000 i 700 : @ 669 ; : . ross 2 ral a . fara ~“,.t“‘<‘L<éCé<aS€D?D. | at ee 500 a io) a on )«(6D | : ew ° : : 338" 7 ; : NB ge eS . Batt = 288 penne 900000 ; : a so : es eae : : TTT senses : 2,000 11, 3 10,465 6,640 12,170 i. 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fiscal Year Number of Inmates in RDAP «=== Number of Filled FSA Positions *The correlation has an R? value of 0.22 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has no impact on the number of inmates in RDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R? > 0.50. 15 EFTA00035843

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Inmates in NRDAP vs. Filled FSA Positions The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows a moderate correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the total number of inmates participating in NRDAP. As the number of filled FSA positions increases, the number of inmates participating in NRDAP tends to increase but may be influenced by additional factors. Number of Inmates in NRDAP vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions 25,000 800 700 - 3 20,000 "669 é a 600 2 A rr o a 3 o 15,000 et 500 = rr es ==) nS = E wn 400 a = 338 z fo) 10,000 ceneeeeett Y nnn pnnnnett 300 v o 248 ssesensetttt BS 2 ae QD. se fa a 200 ° =] 5,000 114 cassette a er" 100 13,570 7,891 20,993 21,166 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fiscal Year Number of Inmates in Non-Residential Drug Abuse Program +-@- Number of Filled FSA Positions *The correlation has an R? value of 0.43 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has a moderate impact on the number of inmates in NRDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 0.50. 16 EFTA00035844

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Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Filled FSA Positions The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the number of filled FSA positions affect the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program. Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions 16,000 : > 14,000 | 2 < : | rs . E “|__| 4 7 | : : ws Ue | cw = ee 3 | fe) : | os al ) en : ac 8,000 Po ° a 338 cf& we" | | t cenneneereeneeneee : ee ee ; , | Pe 7 Be : a ae : : a : TTT asset” 2,000 . 3 11,852 4,424 ce . 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fiscal Year Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program .«@+» Number of Filled FSA Positions *The correlation has an R? value of 0.27 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has no impact on the number of inmates in the Community Treatment Program. To show a strong impact, data standards ; require R2 > 0.50. EFTA00035845

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Inmates in Medication Assisted Treatment Program vs. Filled FSA Positions The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows a strong correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program. As the number of filled FSA positions increases, the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program tends to increase. Number of Inmates in MAT Program vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions 800 9,000 = 700 4 8,000 : | os : : ro on a > 000 | ae Bm “ : ” ee ae 2 a 3 : : 338.0" : aeveeee® : : a“ enuenenesnneneeeeeeS “ a : et nl oo | wet : 200 ate : : vos cs re Z ° e" 1,000 | 246 3,208 _ 7 2021 2022 2023 2024 Fiscal Year Number of Inmates in Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) Program ++@--» Number of Filled FSA Positions *The correlation has an R? value of 0.98 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has a strong impact on the number of inmates in the MAT Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R? > 0.50. 18 EFTA00035846